Why Can I Not Boot Windows 7 After Cloning My Hard Drive Using Easeus

First I tried XXclone, but that didn’t work for me (I had to abort) then I tried EaseUS. This program didn’t (seemingly) give me any trouble, while it took a while, the cloning apparently was a success cause everything seems to have transferred over.

Problem is I can’t boot up Windows 7 again. What went wrong?